:root {
  --bs-primary: #274aab;
  --bs-primary-rgb: 39, 74, 171;
}

nav.layout-navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background-color: #2e4272;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  padding-block: 0;
  z-index: 1030;
}

nav.layout-navbar::before {
  display: none;
}

nav.layout-navbar .navbar.landing-navbar {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  inline-size: 100%;
  margin-block-start: 0;
  margin-inline: 0;
  max-inline-size: none;
  padding-block: 0.75rem;
  box-shadow: none;
}

nav.layout-navbar .navbar.landing-navbar .app-brand-text {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

nav.layout-navbar .navbar.landing-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

nav.layout-navbar .navbar.landing-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
nav.layout-navbar .navbar.landing-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85) !important;
}

.journal-subnav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 65px;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: 0 0.75rem 1.5rem rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
  z-index: 1020;
}

body {
  padding-top: 140px;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .journal-subnav {
    top: 64px;
  }
  body {
    padding-top: 130px;
  }
}

.journal-subnav-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.75rem;
}

.journal-subnav-title {
  color: #1f2937;
  font-size: 1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.journal-subnav-links {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.journal-subnav-link {
  color: #1f2937;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.journal-subnav-link:hover,
.journal-subnav-link:focus {
  color: var(--ph-subnav-link-hover, #2b50c7);
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .journal-subnav-inner {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .journal-subnav-links {
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.75rem !important;
  }
}

body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .app-brand-text,
body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .nav-link,
body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .dropdown-style-switcher > a,
body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .dropdown-style-switcher > a i,
body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .navbar-toggler,
    body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .navbar-toggler i {
      color: #1f2937 !important;
      transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }

    body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .nav-link:hover,
    body:not(.home-navbar-light) .landing-navbar .nav-link:focus {
      color: #0f172a !important;
    }

    .nav-links-dark .nav-link {
      color: #1f2937 !important;
    }

    .nav-links-dark .nav-link:hover,
    .nav-links-dark .nav-link:focus {
      color: #0f172a !important;
    }

    .journal-volume {
      /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, #142c4f 0%, #1f3b66 45%, #274674 100%);
      min-height: 100vh;
      color: #0d1b2a; */
    }

    .journal-volume .help-center-header {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg, var(--ph-header-bg-start, rgba(20, 44, 79, 0.92)), var(--ph-header-bg-end, rgba(39, 70, 116, 0.85)));
      color: #e8f1ff;
      border-radius: 0 0 2.5rem 2.5rem;
      padding-block: 6rem 3rem;
    }

    .journal-volume .help-center-header .banner-bg-img {
      display: none;
    }

    .journal-volume .help-center-header h4 {
      color: #e1ecff !important;
    }

    .journal-volume .help-center-header p {
      color: rgba(226, 236, 255, 0.85);
    }

    .landing-navbar .app-brand-logo svg {
      color: #7fa2ff;
    }

    .landing-navbar .btn-primary {
      background-color: var(--ph-accent-color, #4d6fd8);
      border-color: var(--ph-accent-color, #4d6fd8);
      box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1.5rem rgba(var(--ph-btn-primary-rgb, 77, 111, 216), 0.35);
    }

    .landing-hero {
      background: radial-gradient(circle at top right, rgba(69, 115, 240, 0.4), transparent 45%),
        radial-gradient(circle at bottom left, rgba(49, 102, 214, 0.85), rgba(10, 40, 109, 0.95));
    
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2.5rem 5rem rgba(9, 18, 45, 0.45);
    }

    .landing-hero>img {
      display: none !important;
    }

    .landing-hero .hero-title {
      color: #ffffff !important;
    }

    .landing-hero .hero-sub-title {
      color: rgba(236, 240, 255, 0.78);
    }

    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar {
      transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }

    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .app-brand-text,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .nav-link,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .dropdown-style-switcher > a,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .dropdown-style-switcher > a i,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .navbar-toggler,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .navbar-toggler i {
      color: #ffffff !important;
      transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }

    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .nav-link:hover,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .nav-link:focus {
      color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) !important;
    }

    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .app-brand-text,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .nav-link,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .dropdown-style-switcher > a,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .dropdown-style-switcher > a i,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .navbar-toggler,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .navbar-toggler i {
      color: #1f2937 !important;
    }

    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .nav-link:hover,
    .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar.navbar-scrolled .nav-link:focus {
      color: #111827 !important;
    }

    @media (max-width: 991.98px) {
      .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .landing-nav-menu .nav-link {
        color: #1f2937 !important;
      }

      .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .landing-nav-menu .nav-link:hover,
      .home-navbar-light .landing-navbar .landing-nav-menu .nav-link:focus {
        color: #0f172a !important;
      }
    }

    .landing-hero .btn-primary {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #506ff0 0%, #2b50c7 100%);
      border-color: transparent;
      box-shadow: 0 1rem 2.5rem rgba(38, 64, 155, 0.45);
    }

    .hero-metrics {
      max-width: 960px;
      border-radius: 20px;
      overflow: hidden;
      box-shadow: 0 2rem 4rem rgba(8, 18, 48, 0.35);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-card {
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem;
      height: 100%;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: flex-start;
      border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-value {
      font-size: 1.75rem;
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-card:last-child {
      border-right: none;
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-impact {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 60%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 50%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-citescore {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 50%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 55%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-articles {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 45%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 45%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-authors {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 45%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 50%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-downloads {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 50%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 45%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-citations {
      background: linear-gradient(140deg,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-start, #4a6cf7) 50%, transparent),
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--ph-header-bg-end, #1e3a8a) 60%, transparent));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-submit {
      background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(66, 162, 255, 0.6), rgba(44, 119, 255, 0.6));
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
      border-right: none;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-weight: 600;
      flex-direction: row;
      padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
    }

    .hero-metrics .metric-submit i {
      margin-left: 0.5rem;
    }

    .glass-panel {
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
      border: 1px solid rgba(126, 149, 218, 0.25);
      border-radius: 28px;
      padding: 3rem;
      backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
      box-shadow: 0 2rem 4rem rgba(7, 15, 35, 0.25);
    }

    @media (max-width: 767.98px) {
      .glass-panel {
        padding: 2rem;
      }

      .hero-metrics .metric-card {
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
      }

      .hero-metrics .metric-value {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
      }
    }

    #journalQuickLinks .card,
    #journalEditors .card {
      border: 1px solid rgba(112, 140, 210, 0.18);
      box-shadow: 0 1.5rem 3rem rgba(10, 22, 55, 0.15);
    }

    #journalQuickLinks .card-title,
    #journalEditors h5 {
      color: #1c2f5d;
    }

    #journalEditors a {
      color: #72b0ff !important;
    }

footer,
.landing-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ph-footer-bg-start, #274aab) 0%, var(--ph-footer-bg-end, #06265b) 100%);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
} 

.article-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.article-item {
  border: none;
  background-color: transparent;
}

.article-item .card-body {
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(99, 132, 222, 0.18);
  box-shadow: 0 0.75rem 2rem rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.08);
}

.article-item__doi {
  word-break: break-all;
}

.article-item__authors {
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .article-item .card-body {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  }
}

.latest-issue-card {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(77, 111, 216, 0.12), rgba(77, 111, 216, 0.02));
}

.latest-issue-meta li:not(:last-child) {
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(99, 132, 222, 0.12);
}

.latest-issue-dates i {
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.highlight-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.05);
}

.latest-articles-list li {
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.08);
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.latest-articles-list li:not(:last-child),
.announcements-list li:not(:last-child) {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.latest-articles-list li:hover {
  border-color: rgba(var(--ph-content-accent-rgb, 77, 111, 216), 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 0.75rem 1.5rem rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.08);
}

.editorial-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.05);
}

.editorial-avatar {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--ph-accent-light, rgba(77, 111, 216, 0.12));
}

.archive-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.05);
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .latest-issue-card .card-body,
  .highlight-card .card-body {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
}

/* Default section content width: 80% */
section .container { 
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  section .container {
    max-width: 90%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  section .container {
    max-width: 95%;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  section .container {
    max-width: 100%;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }
}

/* Primary color overrides for buttons and badges */
.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
  border-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.btn-primary:hover,
.btn-primary:focus,
.btn-primary:active {
  background-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-hover, #1e3a8a) !important;
  border-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-hover, #1e3a8a) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  border-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
  color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover,
.btn-outline-primary:focus,
.btn-outline-primary:active {
  background-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
  border-color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.bg-label-primary {
  background-color: var(--ph-accent-light, rgba(39, 74, 171, 0.12)) !important;
  color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
}

.badge.bg-label-primary {
  background-color: var(--ph-accent-light, rgba(39, 74, 171, 0.12)) !important;
  color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
}

.text-primary {
  color: var(--ph-btn-primary-bg, #274aab) !important;
}

a.text-primary:hover,
a.text-primary:focus {
  color: var(--ph-btn-primary-hover, #1e3a8a) !important;
}

/* Share Modal Styles */
.share-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.share-link:hover .rounded-circle {
  transform: scale(1.1);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.share-link .rounded-circle {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

#shareModal .modal-content {
  border-radius: 1rem;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

#shareModal .modal-header {
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 0.5rem;
}

#shareModal .modal-body {
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
}

/* =============================================
   MOBILE RESPONSIVE — Article Detail & Pages
   ============================================= */

/* --- Tablet (max 991px) --- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  /* Reduce top margin on article content column */
  .article-layout .col-lg-8.mt-12 {
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
  }

  /* Article card: reduce padding */
  .article-card .card-body.p-4 {
    padding: 1.5rem !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar: remove heavy border, add top separator */
  .article-sidebar {
    border-left: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(22, 28, 45, 0.08);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
  }

  /* Sidebar card padding */
  .article-sidebar-card .card-body {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* --- Mobile (max 767px) --- */
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  /* Body padding: account for fixed navbar + subnav */
  body {
    padding-top: 120px;
  }

  /* Article layout: tighter gutter */
  .article-layout {
    --bs-gutter-x: 0;
    --bs-gutter-y: 1rem;
  }

  /* Article content column: reduce top margin */
  .article-layout .col-lg-8.mt-12 {
    margin-top: 1rem !important;
  }

  /* Article card: compact padding */
  .article-card .card-body.p-4,
  .article-card .card-body {
    padding: 1.25rem !important;
  }

  /* Article title: smaller on mobile */
  .article-title.h3 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }

  /* Article meta text */
  .article-meta {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* Authors list: tighter */
  .article-author-affiliations {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .article-author-affiliations li + li {
    margin-top: 0.375rem;
  }

  /* DOI & long links: break words to prevent overflow */
  .article-title,
  .article-meta,
  .article-header p,
  .article-header a,
  .article-journal-identity p {
    word-break: break-word;
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
  }

  /* Breadcrumb: compact */
  .breadcrumb {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before {
    padding: 0 0.35rem;
  }

  /* Badges: wrap properly */
  .d-flex.flex-wrap.gap-2 {
    gap: 0.375rem !important;
  }

  .badge {
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  }

  /* Horizontal rule spacing */
  hr.my-5 {
    margin-top: 2rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar on mobile */
  .article-sidebar-card .card-body {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .sidebar-logo-card {
    min-height: 72px;
    padding: 0.75rem !important;
  }

  .sidebar-logo-card img {
    max-width: 120px !important;
  }

  /* Bottom margin for article container */
  .container.mb-10 {
    margin-bottom: 3rem !important;
  }

  /* Share modal on mobile */
  #shareModal .modal-dialog {
    margin: 0.75rem;
  }

  /* Back to top button: smaller on mobile */
  #backToTop {
    bottom: 16px;
    right: 16px;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}

/* --- Volume / Issue pages mobile --- */
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  /* Volume page: search bar full width */
  .d-flex.flex-column.flex-md-row .input-group {
    min-width: auto !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
  }

  /* Issue cover: reduce height on mobile */
  .issue-cover-placeholder,
  .issue-item .card-img-top {
    height: 250px !important;
  }

  /* Volume title: allow wrapping */
  #selectedVolumeTitle {
    white-space: normal !important;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
  }

  /* Help center header: compact */
  .help-center-header {
    padding-block: 3rem 2rem !important;
  }

  .help-center-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.375rem;
  }

  /* Issue description card on mobile */
  .issue-description-card {
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }

  /* Footer: compact on mobile */
  .landing-footer .footer-top .container {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }

  .landing-footer img[data-footer-logo] {
    max-width: 280px !important;
  }
}

/* --- Small mobile (max 480px) --- */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  /* Even smaller title */
  .article-title.h3 {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
  }

  /* Article card: minimal padding */
  .article-card .card-body.p-4,
  .article-card .card-body {
    padding: 1rem !important;
  }

  /* Article body content: prevent overflow from images, tables, etc. */
  .article-body-jats,
  .article-body {
    overflow-x: auto;
    word-break: break-word;
  }

  .article-body-jats img,
  .article-body img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }

  .article-body-jats table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
  }

  .article-body-jats pre,
  .article-body pre {
    overflow-x: auto;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }

  /* Author affiliations: even tighter */
  .article-author-affiliations {
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
  }

  /* Footer: compact */
  .landing-footer .footer-top .container {
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }

  .landing-footer .footer-top img {
    max-width: 280px !important;
  }
}