3.2 Full extracted asbuton Test Results
Physical test of full extracted asbuton was conducted to determine the characteristics of full extracted asbuton to be used in the AC-BC mixture. The results of the full extracted asbuton physical properties test are shown in Table 4.
Figure 2. Comparison of specifications for mixture gradation and aggregate gradation of RAP material
Table 4. Test results for full Extracted asbuton properties
| Test Type | Test Result |
|---|---|
| Penetration (dmm) | 13,50 |
| Softening Point (°C) | 73,00 |
| Asphalt Specific Gravity | 1,055 |
3.3 The addition of Full extracted asbuton and Pen 60/70 Hard Asphalt to RAP Material Extracted Asphalt and Rejuvenating Material
Determination of the content of Nichireki rejuvenating material used was conducted based on the penetration value approach. Asphalt extracted from the RAP Material was heated up to 120°C and then was added with rejuvenating material based on the weight ratio. The asphalt extracted from the RAP material was heated to 120°C and then a rejuvenating material was added based on the weight ratio. The penetration value refers to the basic asphalt requirements, namely Pen 60/70 hard asphalt from the 2010 Bina Marga General Specifications (rev. 3). Along with the increase in the content of Nichireki in the RAP material asphalt, the penetration value will also increase. Based on the test results, it is known that the addition of Nichireki of 42% of weight of RAP material asphalt will provide a penetration value that is in accordance with Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt.
To determine the physical properties of the combination of Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt and full extracted asbuton with asphalt extraction of RAP and Nichireki, a test of the physical properties of asphalt from the mixture of these materials was conducted,
Table 5. Relationship of nichireki content with RAP asphalt penetration
| Content Nichireki | RAP Asphalt Penetration Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | (dmm) | |||
| 0 | 10,80 | |||
| 10 | 18,63 | |||
| 20 | 27,00 | |||
| 30 | 39,79 | |||
| 40 | 58,75 | |||
| 42 | 61,90 | |||
| 50 | 78,60 | |||
Table 6. Asphalt mixing physical properties test results
| Test | Specifi | cations | Test Result | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Min | Maks | A6RAP0 | A6RAP30 | A6RAP40 | A6RAP50 | |
| Asphalt Penetration | 60 | 79 | 55,38 | 63,60 | 66,50 | 67,10 | |
| Softening Point | 48 | - | 52,25 | 50,75 | 50,25 | 49,25 | |
where the composition of full extracted asbuton was 6%, RAP Material asphalt content were at 0%, 30 %, 40%, and 50%, and Nichireki was 42% of the test sample weight.
Table 6 shows that the addition of full extracted asbuton to the Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt shows that this asphalt mixture is stiffer and has the ability to resist better surface temperatures. Asphalt mixture with the use of RAP and Nichireki materials of 42% results in a higher penetration value and lower softening point temperature along with the addition of RAP material content and the addition of Nichireki making the asphalt mixture softer.
The results of test and analysis of kinematic viscosity data show that the addition of full extracted asbuton to the Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt and the use of RAP asphalt will make the mixture thicker, resulting in an increase in the mixing temperature and the temperature of the asphalt mixture, where the mixing temperature and compaction temperature range on the Pen 60/70 Shell Pen Asphalt (150-156°C and 142-147°C) was lower compared to the mixture of Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt and the addition of full extracted asbuton (153,2-159,1°C and 141-146,4°C) and the addition of full extracted asbuton to the Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt and the use of RAP Asphalt and Nichireki generated the highest mixing temperature and compaction
Table 7. Marshall parameter values under OAC<sub>Ref</sub> condition for each mixture variation
| • | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria | A6RAP0 | A6RAP30 | A6RAP40 | A6RAP50 |
| OAC (%) | 5,25 | 5,40 | 5,44 | 5,70 |
| Stability (kg) | 2.135,67 | 1.446,31 | 1.410,99 | 1.348,54 |
| Flow (mm) | 3,62 | 5,10 | 6,41 | 6,92 |
| VIM (%) | 3,64 | 3,30 | 3,06 | 3,11 |
| VMA (%) | 14,34 | 14,68 | 14,16 | 14,18 |
| VFA (%) | 74,08 | 76,56 | 77,64 | 77,23 |
| MQ (kg/mm) | 589,96 | 283,59 | 220,12 | 194,88 |
352 Jurnal Teknik Sipil
temperature of Shell Pen 60/70 Asphalt (155-159°C and 147-151°C).
3.4 AC-BC mixture test
In this test, the mixtures used were:
- a. A6RAP0 Mixture is a mixture with 0% RAP Material with an addition of 6% of full extracted asbuton;
- b. A6RAP30 Mixture is a mixture with 30% RAP Material with an addition of 6% of full extracted asbuton:
- c. A6RAP40 Mixture is a mixture with 40% RAP Material with an addition of 6% of full extracted asbuton;
- d. A6RAP50 Mixture is a mixture with 50% RAP Material with an addition of 6% of full extracted asbuton.
3.4.1 Marshall test and absolute density approach
Marshall test was conducted to obtain the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) from each mixture variation. OAC was obtained based on asphalt content that met the Marshall parameter specifications and mixture volumetrics, namely stability, flow, VIM, VMA, and VFA based on Marshall test results to obtain Marshall OAC and Absolute Density Approach to obtain OAC<sub>Ref</sub> according to the 2010 Bina Marga General Specifications (rev. 3). The OAC value of each mixture is presented in Table 7.
3.4.2.Marshall immersion test
The Marshall Immersion test was conducted to determine the durability of the asphalt mixture against water damage by immersing the specimens in water at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours, then comparing them with the specimens immersed in standard condition (immersion for 30 minutes). The percentage of stability comparison is called the Residual Strength Index (RSI). The test specimen used for this test was a mixture of asphalt under OAC<sub>Ref</sub> condition. Marshall immersion test results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8. Marshall immersion test Results
3.4.3 Resilient modulus test with UMATTA
Resilient Modulus Test was conducted using the UMATTA tool, where the test specimen used was diametrically shaped like the Marshall test specimen and made under OAC<sub>ref</sub> condition. The test method referred to AASHTO TP31 and ASTM D 4123-82 with test temperatures of 35°C and 45°C. The results of the Resilient Modulus test for each mixture variation are shown in Table 9.
3.4.4 Resistance to fatigue test with the four point loading test method
This test was conducted on every mixture variation under OAC<sub>Ref</sub> condition. The test object was a beam where each mixture variation was tested at two levels of strain, namely 300 and 500. According to AASHTO T 321-07, the fatigue test temperature was \(20\pm0.5\)°C. Fatigue test results can be seen in Table 10.
4. Data Analysis
4.1 RAP material extraction test analysis
The asphalt in the RAP material had undergone an oxidation process which caused the evaporation of the light fraction in the asphalt and the change in the liquid fraction (maltenes) to solid (asphaltenes) so that the asphalt became harder or stiffer, as seen from the average penetration value of 10.80 dmm and softening point at a temperature of 75.50°C, so a higher temperature or the addition of a rejuvenating material was needed to make the asphalt softer.
While for the aggregate of RAP material, the results of the sieve analysis show that the gradation of the aggregate of RAP material tended to be smooth, because the aggregate experienced wear due to friction with traffic loads and due to the asphalt stripping process using a recycler machine (milling machine)
| Missterna Duamantes | Charification | Mixture Variation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixture Property | Specification - | A6RAP0 | A6RAP30 | A6RAP40 | A6RAP50 |
| Standard Immersion Stability (kg), A | >1.000 | 1749,4 | 2.164,4 | 2.198,6 | 1.947,8 |
| 24-hour Immersion Stability (kg), B | - | 1632,0 | 2.094,7 | 2.172,8 | 1.925,6 |
| RSI (%) =B/A | >90 | 93,30 | 96,80 | 98,80 | 98,90 |
Table 9. Resilient modulus test with UMATTA tool
| Test Mixture Temperatur | Test Temperature | Resilien Modulus (RM) | RM Standar Deviation | MR Coefficient of Variance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | (°C) | (µm) | (N) | (MPa) | Deviation | OI Variance |
| ACDADO | 35 | 10,54 | 1.501 | 1.535 | 36,13 | 2,35 |
| A6RAP0 | 45 | 14,13 | 1.406 | 1.090 | 44,01 | 4,04 |
| A CD A DOO | 35 | 15,62 | 1.474 | 1.037 | 19,97 | 1,93 |
| A6RAP30 | 45 | 18,84 | 1339 | 780 | 31,33 | 4,02 |
| A CD A D 40 | 35 | 9,14 | 1525 | 1.861 | 20,77 | 1,12 |
| A6RAP40 | 45 | 15,71 | 1336 | 950 | 29,75 | 3,13 |
| A CD A DEO | 35 | 12,32 | 1506 | 1.381 | 32,29 | 2,34 |
| A6RAP50 | 45 | 20,71 | 1340 | 734 | 21,55 | 2,93 |
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