Vol. 38 No. 2 (2006)

The Ti1-xCoxO2 thin films have been grown by MOCVD technique using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionato) Cobalt (III) [Co(TMHD)3] powder precursors. The tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used as a solvent to get a Co(TMHD)3 solution. Characteristics of precursor and growth parameters were investigated. The Co concentration in thin films were varied. The room temperature ferromagnetic properties of Ti1-xCoxO2 thin films were obtained. Solubility of Co atom in TiO2 lattice were found at about 11%. The surface morphology of films are homogen and relatively…

In radiotherapy planning, margins are used to account for the uncertainties due to internal organ and patient motion as well as set-up error. Improvement in radiotherapy treatments may be achieved by reducing the set-up uncertainty and thus treatment margins allowing a higher dose to be delivered to the target volume. It is important to be able to verify the success of the treatment by determining the position of patient and the dose deposited in the patient at each fraction. One possibility for achieving this would be to collect limited information while the patient is on the treatment…

This work has investigate conditions which allow pitting corrosion of carbon steel in acetate buffered test solutions of pH 3.82, 4.12, 5.12 and 6.12, 0.2 M NaOAc and standard brine solutions, all of which contains 100 mg/L sodium bicarbonate and saturated with CO2. Corrosion rates is determined by corrosion wheel and corrosion bubble tests, while surface morphology is observed by electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographic optical microscopy, whereas surface deterioration as well as corroded lattice structure of the steel is monitored through measurements by X-ray Diffraction (XRD)…

Ionosphere affect propagation of electromagnetic waves through it by adding a transmission delay time. In GPS positioning and navigation, ionospheric delay is largest source of error after error from Selective Availability (SA) was turned off. For GPS positioning precisely ionospheric effect must be estimated so ionospheric correction can be determinated to eliminate ionospheric effect on GPS observation. In positioning by using GPS single frequency, ionospheric correction can be obtained from GPS dual frequency receiver at reference station or model. This paper describes method of…

Adaptive fuzzy controller is a fuzzy controller that has ability to change its parameters when the plant

D802N mutant gene of DNA Pol I ITB-1 was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The crude enzyme was characterized and compared to that the wild-type. The optimum pH and temperature of the mutant was slightly differences with those the wild-type. The optimum pH and temperature of the mutant were 9.0 and 50oC, while the wild-type were 7.4 and 65oC, respectively. The differences of the above properties were followed by decreasing of specific activities of the mutant (1.34 unit/mg protein) 2.7 times lower to that the wild-type (3.71 unit/mg protein). Meanwhile the catalytic efficiency…

A magnetic sensor has been developed for measuring a very low magnetic field. The sensor consists of two primary coils (excitation coil) and one secondary coil (pick-up coil). Primary coil that wound at ferromagnetic core is made symmetry each other. Whereas secondary coil is wound to both of cores. Primary coil drives the core until it saturated. The generated magnetic field from excitation have the contrary direction, so if there is no external magnetic field, the magnetic field inside the secondary coil is symmetry, but if there is an external magnetic field, there will be magnetic field…