Vol. 57 No. 3 (2026)

Quantum walks offer promising advantages for search algorithms over graphs. Among these, Grover’s quantum search provides a quadratic speedup with a time complexity of for unstructured search problems. Nevertheless, Grover search performs poorly on cyclic graphs due to the dynamics of the Grover walk. This study explores the behavior of Grover’s quantum walk on cyclic graphs, analyzing the probability distribution of finding the marked vertex. To analyze this behavior, we extend each vertex of the cycle by attaching semi-infinite-length paths (tails). We develop a direct analytical approach…

The conventional method for poverty measurement is the poverty line, which is based only on household income and expenditure. The poverty line can be used to determine whether a given household is poor or not. However, to capture the true nature of poverty, many factors other than income and expenditure should be considered. In this study, we developed a model for developing countries under a multidimensional framework to classify poverty levels of poor households by incorporating a fuzzy approach. The poverty levels are categorized into three levels and threshold values are determined for…