Vol. 14 No. 2 (1999)

To overcome the ozone layer depletion problem, the Indonesian government has ratified the Montreal protocol and its amendments. The import of R-12 refrigerant to Indonesia has been banned since the end of 1997. Meanwhile, most of Indonesian milk cooling units use R-12. Therefore, it is expected that these cooling units have to be switched to other refrigerant soon. Almost all of Indonesian milk cooling units belong to small or medium dairy cooperatives that cannot aflord to retrofit their systems to R-134a. In this research, a milk-cooling unit designed for R-12 was directly switched to…

The alternative refrigerants to be covered by the present paper include HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerants and their mixtures. Natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and some new candidates such as HFEs (hydrofluoroethers), which all are non-ozone depleting substances. The authors aim to present an overview of the current state of the art with respect to several promising alternative refrigerants typically accepted in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industries in Japan. An emphasis will be given to the thermophysical properties research update that has…

A market survey found ± 7 companies registered to assemble refrigerators, with annual production capacity 600,000 units (1995) using CFC 12 as a refrigerant. The Association of Indonesia Electric Appliance Manufacturers and Suppliers has decided to convert refrigerant from CFC 12 to HFC 134a by January 1998. The influence of ODS and non ODS substances in refrigerators on energy consumption has been performed. The energy consumption of a manually defrost, single door, 150 Liter typical capacity refrigerators were measured at the Refrigerator Testing Laboratory University of Indonesia based on…

Additional concern about warming of the global environment through the greenhouse effect has necessitated selection of compounds with shorter atmospheric lifetimes and higher energy efficiencies as substitute refligerants for Heating, Air Conditioning, and refrigerating equipment.Several substitute compounds of the hidrocarbon were identified by similarities in normal boiling points and corresponding saturated vapor pressure characteristics. Sample quantities were obtained from ITB (Two sample corresponds with CFCIZ named Hycool HCRI2 and Hycool HCR12+LFS). Performance comparisons among…