Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025)

Automated fact-checking is a key strategy to overcome the spread of COVID-19 misinformation on the internet. These systems typically leverage deep learning approaches through natural language inference (NLI) to verify the truthfulness of information based on supporting evidence. However, one challenge that arises in deep learning is performance stagnation due to a lack of knowledge during training. This study proposes using a knowledge graph (KG) as external knowledge to enhance NLI performance for automated COVID-19 fact-checking in the Indonesian language. The proposed model architecture…

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system represents a major advancement in wireless technology, relying on effective radio spectrum management to ensure optimal performance. Among the available frequency ranges, the 5G low-band spectrum provides extensive coverage but limited capacity, making its efficient management a critical challenge. This study presents a predictive model based on the system dynamics approach to analyze the management of the 5G low-band spectrum. The model captures the interrelationships between technical and economic variables that influence spectrum…

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone rapid evolution and are highly effective in tasks such as text generation, question answering, and context-driven analysis. However, the unique requirements of Islamic studies, where textual authenticity, diverse jurisprudential interpretations, and deep semantic nuances are critical, present challenges for general LLMs. This article reviews the evolution of neural language models by comparing the historical progression of general LLMs with emerging Islamic-specific LLMs. We discuss the technical foundations of modern Transformer architectures and…

The expansion of communication technology and the increasing usage of the frequency spectrum drive the need for compatible device testing. Wideband antennas play a crucial role in supporting modern communication systems and applications, including those used as the sensors in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing. Optimization techniques, such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and covariance matrix adaptation–evolution strategy (CMA-ES), are widely applied to enhance the bandwidth of electromagnetic devices. However, most studies focus on individual…